Arguments For Marijuana

<h1>Arguments For Marijuana</h1><p>An framework of Argument For Marijuana is a typical instructive composing guide. It is a careful clarification of the various contentions and legitimate ramifications for the legitimization of maryjane. It is additionally the perfect layout for any individual who needs to compose an extraordinary contention for maryjane. Any individual who is planning to compose a contention for cannabis should consistently peruse this framework of Argument For Marijuana first.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous sorts of contentions that individuals may think of. The principal sort of contention is a sane contention, which is generally founded on the star's and con's of the position being introduced. All things considered, this is a sensible contention. A sane contention can be a legitimate contention, yet it will never be an ideal argument.</p><p></p><p>A second kind of contention is a short contention. These contentions by and large include different sides of the contention and a center. You can normally discover this in various subcategories. One subcategory is utilized for the contention between two limits. A model would be between medicate sanctioning and prohibition.</p><p></p><p>A third class is the rationalization, which is essentially the contention that can just ever be discredited. This classification is utilized for contentions, where the contention is just founded on an establishment that is just founded on bogus premises. Instances of this classification would be a contention dependent on a position dependent on a bogus reason, or dependent on a bogus definition.</p><p></p><p>The tests of Argument For Marijuana blueprint of Argument for Marijuana should maryjane be lawful incorporates a couple of instances of good contentions and terrible contentions. It likewise incorporates explanations behind contentions. Every one of these sorts of contentions should cannabis be legitimate is examined in this outline.</p><p></p><p>The tests of Argument For Marijuana blueprint of Argument for Marijuana should maryjane be lawful records three explanations behind accepting pot ought to be legitimized. One is that it can help the United States adjusts its financial plan. Two is that it is a lawful substance.</p><p></p><p>Another purpose behind the contention for maryjane should cannabis be legitimate is on the grounds that it has been demonstrated to be both protected and valuable to the individuals that utilization it. Additionally, considers have indicated that the advantages of weed are restricted to those that utilization it, yet in addition have demonstrated to be powerful in forestalling numerous tumors. The advantages that pot has been demonstrated to have on the human body incorporate the capacity to decrease the odds of getting cerebrum malignant growth, the capacity to treat torment, the capacity to treat circulatory strain, and different issues, for example, a weight reduction. Likewise, contemplates have indicated that maryjane assists with decreasing the withdrawal manifestations of tobacco smokers.</p>

Preparing For USC Essay Questions

Preparing For USC Essay QuestionsUSC essay questions college vine is the ideal solution for students who are stuck in a rut or have little time to spend on preparing for this critical course. When you start to study USC essay questions, the first thing that comes into your mind is that your time will be well-spent and you would be rewarded for your efforts. However, it is not easy to write without being able to apply yourself, and in such a scenario, you cannot blame yourself for spending much of your precious time at such an endeavor. Hence, you need to ensure that you spend as much time as possible while studying these essays.What you should realize is that USC essay questions college vine can help you write essays of merit. The best way to achieve this is to find a good writing tutor who can help you understand the key concepts of such questions. In order to search for such tutors, go online, and you will be surprised at the number of sites that are available to you.There are some USC essay questions college vine will never enable you to pass. Students who want to know why they should take up these courses and do so in order to advance their career, need to reconsider their options. There are many talented individuals who need your services to write these challenging questions. A lot of such applicants also fail to see that writing is a lifelong experience and not just something that you can teach yourself to do.There are certain areas that the college essay does not cover; hence, it is important to know them thoroughly before you start to write. First, no matter what subject you are writing about, there is an interesting statement that will stand out against the backdrop of the article. You will have to use this statement to make the reader interested, and if you do not make it a point to use such a statement, the reader will soon lose interest.The second major factor that needs to be remembered when you are preparing for USC essay questions is that the rea der should always be inspired by your writing. Do not take the position that all the people who are willing to write articles have the exact same writing style. This is a common misconception, and this is something that you will have to avoid while studying USC essay questions. In fact, such essays are not simply learning how to write with the right amount of diction and sentence structure, but you need to master the art of the persuasive argument.USC essay questions college vine must require you to show the reader why you are the right person to provide them with relevant information. This is your chance to make a successful first impression. If you do not show how hardworking and committed you are to your job, your reader will think that you are not worthy of the trust that you show them.Most importantly, your reader should know why they should prefer a college of their choice to another one. For example, if you are planning to go to business school, then you should be able to con vince your reader that they will gain from attending such a college, besides, it will make them aware of the opportunities that await them. If you are planning to go to a career college or graduate school, you need to convince your reader that there is a good match for them there.If you feel that you are still not sure whether you are going to succeed in passing these USC essay questions, the best way to find out is to consult with a tutor. This is very beneficial, as you will get guidance from someone who is an expert in this field.

Top Argumentative Essay Topics To Write About

Top Argumentative Essay Topics To Write AboutWriting a successful argumentative essay can be very time consuming. You may have an idea about what you want to say, but in reality, it is difficult to put all of the pieces together. The following tips will help you bring together all of the key points and present your arguments so that you can find the best essay topic.One great tip is to choose from different types of arguments. There are lots of these types out there in the literature today. You just need to research and find the ones that will appeal to you the most. Many of these topics are about a particular aspect of history or current events. You can use this type of topic to tie in various examples of the main ideas.Another tip for finding the best essay topic is to do a lot of reading. There are many resources online that will provide you with a good list of examples and sources to write your essay about. It is often not enough to simply refer to the top argumentative essay top ics in the literature. You must first read up on them and decide if they are right for you. You should also keep notes on any topics that stick out to you the most.You should also look into writing multiple choice questions about these topics. This can help you see if you can fully understand the issue that you are writing about. It can also help you come up with the best possible argument.You should also consider whether you want to use a final draft to get your argument together. Many individuals will benefit from having a final draft. In addition, some people find it helpful to have more than one draft, because it allows them to make corrections and add new information.Once you have finished writing your essay topics, you will want to go back and revise them. This is a good way to ensure that you are able to hit all of the key points you have written.Finally, using the tips above, you can find a good essay topic. Remember, the more research you do and the more time you spend, the better you will be at coming up with interesting ideas and reasoning. This can be a valuable skill for your life, so find the best essay topic for you.

Over the last 30 years, videos games have become very...

Over the last 30 years, videos games have become very desirable for people of all ages, genders, and race. With the rapid growth of technology these games have become very life like and some seem as if your actually there in person. The rapid growth has made the video industry into a multi-billon dollar industry and this has created much controversy among the people because the games are becoming very realistic, but also more violent. Since the creation of violent video games there have been constant disputes to whether these games will increase violence in the player. Nevertheless, there have been researches done to try and understand the correlation between video games and violence. These researches haven’t only showed that the violent†¦show more content†¦Many acts of violent crimes have connected to young players and violent videos games. These young players aren’t supposed to be playing this game anyways. There is a reason these games are labeled with the game rating. An 8-year-old boy intentionally killed a 90-year-old woman when he shot her in the head inside a Louisiana mobile home after playing a violent video game, police said. But the child won’t be charged with a crime. The boy fatally shot his elderly caregiver, Marie Smothers, after playing â€Å"Grand Theft Auto IV† — a video game critics often blame for promoting violence — inside the mobile home at a Slaughter, La., trailer park Thursday evening, police said. (Kemp) I wonder why an 8-year kid is playing a game that has a label on it that clearly has a label print on to the cover saying it is for people 18 years old and up. Here’s a 8 year old boy who is barely capable of thinking on his own and he’s playing a game that he’s 10 years to young to be playing. My really question is how do you put that on the creators of the game? The game creators clearly put an age restrictions on the game for a reason because the content is very influential for someone who isn’t 18 or older. People over 18-year-old person are able to think for them selves as where an 8-year is not. When your 18 you have almost a complete understand of what’s right and what’s wrong. The difference from fantasy and reality areShow MoreRelatedWhy Women Should Not Be Sexualized And Objectified The Way They Are Video Games3095 Words   |  13 PagesDavid Dale 1 Why women should not be sexualized and objectified the way they are in video games today: Most of us would already know that women’s representation in the media is highly sexualized and that women are regularly portrayed in a sexual manner and are objectified in all forms of media whether it be in magazines, online, television, movies, music videos, and of course video games (Wu, 2014). 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During his detention in various penitentiaries, he was mentally probed and prodded by psychologist and psychoanalysts hoping to discover the root of his violent actions and sexual frustrations. Many theories arose in attempts to explain the motivational

Customer Satisfaction free essay sample

The typical definition of customer satisfaction can be provided as the evaluative judgment of post consumption in relation to the certain product or service (Gundersen, Heide and Olsson, 1996). It is considered as the outcome of the process of evaluative through which expectations of pre purchase are contrasted with performance perception in the time of or after the experience of the consumption (Oliver, 1980). The concept of the satisfaction of the customer is considered as the concept as most widely recognized which is based on the theory of expectancy disconfirmation (McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000). Oliver developed the theory which proposes that the level of satisfaction is considered as the outcome of difference among the performance as expected and perceived. The occurrence of the satisfaction can be done when an organization provides better product or services than the expectation of the customers (Positive disconfirmation). In other side, dissatisfaction can be occurred while the worse performance is provided by the organization (Negative disconfirmation). (Fornell 1992; Anderson, Fornell, and Rust 1997). However, the key to building long-term customer satisfaction and retention and reaping the benefits these efforts can offer is to focus on the development of high quality products and services. Customer satisfaction and retention that are bought through price promotions, rebates, switching barriers, and other such means are unlikely to have the same long-run impact on profitability as when such attitudes and behaviors are won through superior products and services (Anderson and Mittal 2000). Thus, squeezing additional reliability out of a manufacturing or service delivery process may not increase perceived quality and customer satisfaction as much as tailoring goods and services to meet customer needs (Fornell, Johnson, Anderson, Cha, and Everitt 1996). Measuring Customer Satisfaction While it seems clear that increasing customer satisfaction is beneficial to a marketing manager, how to measure it is less clear. Customer satisfaction has been studied from the perspective of the individual customer and what drives their satisfaction (Oliver and Swan 1989; Oliver 1993; Fournier and Mick 1999) as well as from an industry-wide perspective to compare customer satisfaction scores across firms and industries (Fornell 1992; Anderson, Fornell, and Lehmann 1994; Fornell et al. 996; Mittal and Kamakura 2001), while other research has examined customer satisfaction in a single organization (Schlesinger and Zornitsky 1991; Hallowell 1996; Loveman 1998) or across several organizations (DeWulf, Odekerken-Schroder, and Iacobucci 2001). In addition, specific tools for measuring customer satisfaction have been developed in thepast, including SERVQUAL (Parasuraman, Berry, and Zeithaml 1988, 1991). Thus, there exists an ample literature on which to dra w when attempting to measure customer satisfaction. In attempting to measure customer satisfaction, it is possible that attributes can have different satisfaction implications for different consumer and market segments – the usage context, segment population, and market environment can influence satisfaction and product use (Anderson and Mittal 2000). Failure to take into account segment-specific variation may lead a firm to focus on the wrong aspect for a given set of consumers (Anderson and Mittal 2000). Furthermore, consumers with similar satisfaction ratings, yet different characteristics, may exhibit different levels of repurchase behavior (Mittal and Kamakura 2001). It is clear, then, that market and consumer segments should be important factors to consider when measuring customer satisfaction and its implications. Garbarino and Johnson (1999) did consider segments in the customer base in their study of satisfaction where they analyzed the different role played by satisfaction between low relational and high relational customers. Their study, however, involved customers from only a single organization. Our approach extends this work by studying customers from multiple organizations, and shares some similarities with Anderson and Sullivan (1993) with respect to the type of analysis and sampling methods. The goals of their research, however, were to study the antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction rather than investigate how different types of satisfaction may influence the overall measure of customer satisfaction. In addition, our theoretical approach shares some similarities to Hutchison, Kamakura, and Lynch (2000) who posited that unobserved heterogeneity is a problem for interpreting results from behavioralexperiments. The basic point of their argument is that aggregation may create effects that do not exist in any segments, or may mask effects that do exist. The present study makes a similar point and provides an analytical method for overcoming such a problem.

Various Subsections of Anthropology

Studying humanity journey Introduction Anthropology is the study of human beings in time and space. The central theme of anthropology is to trace the development that has occurred to the human race from the past to the present in different geographical locations. In fact, it uses both scientific and humanistic means for its data analysis that is gotten from various studies and researches that are conducted on the human race and its close relatives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Various Subsections of Anthropology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anthropology explores various issues that pertain to the existence of life for humans and the physical, biological as well as geographical differences exhibited by the human race. From time in memorial, humans have evolved to display the differences that they have among themselves and other animals which share the same ancestral origin. For ease of study, anthropology a s a discipline is divided into various study categories such as physical or biological anthropology, cultural anthropology and forensic anthropology among other sub-sections. Each of these sectors studies a certain aspect of human life aimed at bringing a clear and concise understanding of the human race. This paper aims at explaining the various subsections of anthropology and the role they play in enhancing the understanding of the value of anthropology. The value of studying human evolutionary sequence Of interest to anthropology is the idea of evolution which is pivotal to the explanation of emergence of different forms of life. Evolution theory can be traced back to the work of Charles Darwin who introduced it to modern biological and evolutionary thought. Physical anthropology as a branch deals with evolution of biological characteristics observed in human beings. Evolution can be described as the process by which living organisms have developed mostly through adaptation, natu ral selection and survival for the fittest to be what they are today. This theory uses genetical adaptation and inheritance to explain why some organisms have survived while others have become extinct (Thompson 1). The study of anthropology has helped in many ways both in understanding human beings and solving various problems that persistently arise. Physical anthropology understanding is crucial in the field of medicine.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most scientists believe that biological evolution can help in preventing and inventing cures as well as getting the local population to change their attitude towards medication. It is evident that many problematic diseases have their roots from the genetical inheritance that has occurred from the past. Medical researchers in this field need to study evolutionary biology to trace and get the cure of these early diseases. Evolution h as played a key role in shaping the current anatomy, physiology and behavior that either exposes us to diseases or provides an immune system against the infections. Natural selection has acted through nature to eliminate mal-adapted organisms through diseases and other natural calamities. In the process, various organisms might have either survived or passed on defective genes. Major emphasis is laid on diseases and conditions that are passed through genes, from parents to offsprings which may need inference from biological evolution (Downie 3). Through studying humankind journey via evolution, we are able to understand the position of man in the current world of organisms. It sheds light on why humans are more developed than other organisms although origin of life seems to have been at similar interval. Past human activities that are recorded by archaeological undertakings help to explain the current changes in both humans and the environment we live. It is apparent that through be ings evolution, archeologists have had great impacts on the natural environment by altering it to suit them (Brunet et al 146). Archaeology brings forth information from the ancient life and helps to reconstruct the extent to which human beings have changed. Adaptation to environment is a major tool used by human beings to survive and propagate. Humans globally exhibit different characteristics and behavior as per their geographical regions. These perceived differences are due to the influence of the geographical regions and cultural differences. Human variation (HV) studies the various differences exhibited by human beings namely behavior, color, genetical differences and adaptation measures. HV has evolved from the past through adaptive means to what is currently perceived. Through it, scientists are able to deduce whether humans have the ability to continue adapting successfully to the fluctuating environmental conditions or not. From this kind of data obtained from genetic pools of various past and present humans, scientists are able to advise human beings on potential dangers (Becks et al 989).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Various Subsections of Anthropology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, HV helps to explain disease prevalence in certain communities or geographical regions as opposed to others. For example, where the malarial disease has high prevalence, certain genetic traits are also prevalent. The study of HV shows that it is important in maintaining adaptive populations, biological variance for the functioning individual communities and ecological systems. Loss of HV may cause instability in human communities, negative effects in innate systems and genus viability (Becks et al 995). Archaeology is an anthropological discipline that is concerned with the history of people and their extinct cultures. It relies on the remains of left objects and materials called artifac ts for the study and analysis. Archaeology is devoted to the search and excavation of the material remains to reveal the history of people and reconstruct their early life. It produces visible evidence to support the evolution theory. Historical archeology also relies on material culture and its exploitation but combines it with perspectives in anthropological field to bring an understanding of early lives of various groups of people whose material culture has been excavated (Paynter 169). Archaeology provides vital information on various issues that pertain to the extinct population. Information on diseases, cultural way of life, eating habits and other important aspects of human life can be gotten from archaeological analysis. Importance of understanding anthropological sub-fields Understanding the various sub-fields of anthropology has great importance in the life of individuals and that of the complete society. It is a common phenomenon for people to have a biased approach on ot hers due to their differences in culture, color, eating, dressing habits and various aspects of community life. Countless conflicts occur due to the misunderstanding generated by difference in cultures (Brunet et al 148). Through understanding various topics, the prevention of such conflicts is possible. Besides, it prepares an individual for any occurrences that require great understanding of human dynamics.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Anthropology offers important scientific and humanistic knowledge on human beings. Anthropological information traces the descent of mankind from primitive forms to the developed forms that offers insight into the unobserved and observable characteristics which are helpful in a wide-range of scientific and humanistic application. Despite curricula importance, anthropological knowledge has wide individual application in real life. Archaeology and Palaeo-anthropology Introduction Archaeology is the humanistic and scientific study of ancient form of human beings through the use of material culture obtained via recovery and analysis. Material culture are the remains of environmental objects left by the ancient form of human beings including artifacts, building remains, biological remains namely plants, bones, ashes and other archaeological records. Archaeology traces human descent from the first primitive form of human life up the evolution ladder to the present form of human life which takes several million years ago. From paleolithic era to the development of complex human life, archaeology provides information on human evolutionary journey (Renfrew and Bahn 13). Palaeo-anthropology is the study of human fossils in support of evolutionary theory of human beings. However, fossil are the hardened parts of a human body that have been preserved for a long time through the action of nature such as in snow, burrows and in caves. It incorporates intelligible cultural practices like burial practices that man acquired in the process of evolution. Palaeo-anthropology uses both paleontology and physical anthropology to study human fossils. Indeed, physical anthropology is concerned with evolution based on biological inherited characteristics that are essential in the maintenance of human evolution path. Paleontology conversely studies the prehistoric life to determine the evolution and the interactions that occurred among early human beings which might have resu lted into the exchange of cultural practices evident in excavated human remains. Paleontology provides an extensive evolution view of the primary forms of life which are found within the context of early human life (Laudan 58). Human evolution Existing human beings are as a result of a long chain of evolutionary processes that has seen them develop from primitive forms to complex form. The study of their evolution is attributed to palaeo-anthropological studies that get their raw data from archaeological excavations. In the evolution sequence, human beings have adapted biologically to changing environmental conditions. Humans are believed to share a common ancestry with the apes but developed and adapted differently resulting to the differences observed between the ape family and human beings. Mutually, these species share various common and similar characteristics both genetically and cultural although apes display primitive form of human behavior (Laudan 59). The earliest form of human life is traced back to the appearance on the face of earth of an upright walking ape, approximately 6 million years ago. The human species were named hominid and was differentiated from that of the close human like apes named the chimpanzee on traits of uprightness and the use of opposable thumb. This difference is attributed to the use of tools that required the big finger to move constantly to allow for the gripping of the tool. These fossils are dated 7 million years ago. Further excavations yielded other fossils closer to human beings and were classified under the genera Australopithecus and Homo (Renfrew and Bahn 16). Through biological evolution initiated largely from the effects of environmental fluctuations, the general homo developed to Homo sapiens which are associated with the current day human beings. Fossils have been excavated all over the world bearing characteristics that have enabled archaeologists and palaeo-anthropologists to rank them accordingly in the hum an evolution sequence. From the earliest sahelanthropus species, humans have evolved through various stages each with different adaptations that have helped it to survive the torrid natural environment which has been changing from time to time. Natural selection in these species has determined which species were to prosper and propagate while others perished. Through nature, environment chose the best adapted forms of species to pass on to the next level to human evolution. The earliest fossils that had resemblance to human beings were discovered at Taung, near Kimberley in South Africa and were assigned to the genus Australopithecus (Dart 196). This hominid form was more like a chimpanzee and lacked the ability to create tools. Recent discoveries of Kenyanthropus hominid in Kenya that date 3.5 to 7 million years ago reinstated the idea of accepting a separate genera and species for the human beings. Palaeo-anthropologists cite that the separation between the chimpanzee family and t he human family ideally took place nearly 3.5-7 million years ago but each family developed on its own (Dart 197). Biological differences such as teeth pattern and bi-pedalism have been used extensively by palaeo-anthropologists to differentiate human beings forms and other close relatives. The evolution of hominid family was later followed by the excavation of the hominid ardipithecus from the Middle awash region in Ethiopia. This hominid displayed characteristics of terrestrial bi-pedalism which was linked to early human forms. This fossil similarly contained dental system that was close to hominids. The excavation of further hominid forms in Rift Valley also strengthened the argument of evolution (Brunet et al 147). Dentition was used to differentiate the extent of hominid resemblance. The following summary provides a detailed evolutionary sequence of man. The first fossils attributed to the genus Homo was the Australopithecine found in 1924 at Taung in South Africa by Raymond Da rt. The hominid walked erect, lived on the ground and probably used stones as weapons to hunt small animals. It was dated to be 3.5-7 million years old. The first evidence of the Homo species believed to have walked upright was discovered in Java in 1891. It was named Pithecanthropus Erectus meaning the erect ape man. Another kind of identical hominid was made in China; south-west of Peking called Peking man. The hominid had larger cranial capacity than Australopithecus yet lived in communal existence and used fire. The Acheulean tool making era is associated with this hominid. These tools were made of stone, wood and bone. The hominid is also said to have hunted big games in a communal way and lived in caves. The Home erectus gradually evolved into the Neanderthal man. This primitive man used stone flakes as tools, spears for hunting and is seen to have lived in cave (Renfrew and Bahn 15). The Neanderthals were capable of big game hunting including elephants, rhino et cetera. The f inal stage of man evolution is the appearance of the Homo sapiens hominid that represents the modern day man with all the capabilities to live complex lifestyles. It is to be noted that the evolution of man has taken millions of years and various reshaping of man by natural occurrences. Numerous factors have contributed to this evolutionary sequence. Evolution has been marred by struggle for survival. It included where only the fit survived, variations in both biological and physical traits, survival for the fittest which eliminated the mal-adapted organisms and denied them the chance to pass on their defective genes, hence natural selection (Dart, 198). Through natural selection, nature chooses organisms to propagate based on their ability to adapt to the changing natural conditions. Biological adaptation through genetic variance, mutation and propagation has played a key role in the evolution of man. Genes have enabled organisms that are better adapted to evolve further and deny t hose which are not the chance to evolve and therefore die away. Conclusion The emergence of current day man has been as a result of a long series of evolutionary stages that has been documented by palaeo-anthropologists using archaeological evidence of material remains left by early life forms. This trend has passed through several stages each characterized by different traits that brought closer the emergence of modern day man. Biological evolution through the role played by genetic inheritance has been pivotal in this sequence. Works Cited Becks, Lutz, Ellner Stephen, Jones Laura and Hairston Nelson. â€Å"Reduction of adaptive genetic diversity radically alters eco-evolutionary community dynamics†. Ecology letters 13(2010). Brunet, Michel, et al. â€Å"A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa†. Nature 418.6894 (2002): 145–151. Dart, Raymond. â€Å"Australopithecus africanus: The Man-Ape of South Africa†. Nature 115.2884 (1925):195-1 99. Downie, John, R. Evolution in health and disease: The role of evolutionary biological in the medical curriculum, May 1994. Web. Laudan, Ronald. (1992). â€Å"What’s so Special about the Past?† Nitecki, Harman and Nitecki, David. History and Evolution, 2010. Paynter, Ray. â€Å"Historical Archaeology and the Post-Columbian World of North America†. Journal of Archaeological Research 8.3 (2000). Renfrew, Colin and Bahn, Paul. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. High Holborn, London: Thames Hudson Ltd, 2004. Print. Thompson, Paul. Biological evolution. Montgomery, AL. Apologetics Press Inc, 1994. This essay on Various Subsections of Anthropology was written and submitted by user Barbara Abbott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Example

Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Example Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Part 1 ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gross domestic product (GDP) – GDP is the total market value of all final services and goods produced in a given year in a given country. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Real GDP – Real GDP is the result of the production activity within a given country at a specific years prices. If one compares two or more periods of time using the same year’s prices for goods and services then the result is a purchasing power comparison as seen over time. This happens because the inflation effects have been mitigated by using constant prices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nominal GDP – Nominal GDP is simply GDP that has not been adjusted for inflation. Nominal GDP does not reflect purchasing power but does show how an economy has expanded and contracted in dollars. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unemployment rate – The most basic definition of an unemployment rate is those people who are unemployed but are actively seeking work and willing to work. It is typically expressed in the form of a percentage. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inflation rate – inflation is usually expressed in an annual percentage and is the price increase for goods and services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interest rate – An interest rate is the percentage of the principal funds that is charged and paid for the use of money. It is expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR) for loans and annual percentage yield (APY) for interest earned. Whether one is experiencing a decrease in their taxes, is part of a massive layoff of employees, or is simply purchasing groceries, there is a resource flow from one entity to another and back again. Those entities cover government, businesses, and households. How those resources ebb and flow will differ with each situation and have an impact in a â€Å"trickle-down† effect from the government to businesses and finally to households. Decrease in Taxes When the Government decides to reduce taxes, the tax typically assumed to see the reduction is the income tax. â€Å"According to the  Internal Revenue Service (IRS), approximately 43% of tax revenues are generated through this tax. Personal income taxes are levied against income, interest, dividends and capital gains, with higher earners generally paying higher tax rates. (Investopedia, 2012) When a tax reduction occurs, the government will collect less taxes which reduces the amount of monies available for entitlement programs. Households can be affected in a couple of different ways. If a household is a higher wage earning household then less taxes can result in more discretionary income to spend at businesses who offer services the household members wish to utilize. If the house hold is lower income the decrease in taxes will increase their income but will adversely affect any entitlement programs in which they may be enrolled. For businesses, the reduction in income tax will affect their businesses per the consumer impact. If there is more discretionary income then more money is available to spend on their goods or services. If there is less discretionary income, then of course, the opposite would be true. Massive Layoff of Employees From a government standpoint and governmental employees, when there is a massive layoff of governmental employees, historically, there has not been more than a ripple in the unemployment rate overall. A 1995 survey and a subsequent 1999 follow up to municipalities in Illinois found that the average amount of people still unemployed after a governmental layoff was only 3. 8%. (Reason Foundation, 2012) From a governmental employee standpoint, there is not a large scale economic impact which means that the majority of affected governmental workers will still have income to spend at businesses and for their household needs. When private sector businesses have a massive layoff occur, they are required by Federal law to notify the affected employees 60 days in advance. The employees have an opportunity to look for other jobs in that timeframe, however, resources will begin to be held back by the households in the case of long term unemployment which will in turn cause business who offer the good and services to the affected families to experience a decrease in sales. Purchasing of Groceries Groceries are an inelastic product. People will purchase food regardless of the price because they need to eat. When a household purchases groceries, and pays a higher price for them in one grocery store versus another, the business which earned the opportunity for the sale will benefit. The government does not benefit from a tax standpoint on non-processed foods. Processed foods, however, are taxable; which is a benefit to the government. The Government may also pay a producer not to produce a food so as to stabilize the market. A couple of examples of this situation are in the commodities of rice and wheat. Producers are paid not to plant as much so the market price of the end product is stabilized. In fact, those producers are paid not to produce so there is no loss of income to those households. Conclusion Whether one is experiencing a decrease in their income taxes, is part of a massive layoff of employees or is simply purchasing groceries, there is a resource flow from government, businesses, and households. Resource flow also has an ebb phase. The entire cycle is driven by an almost an amazing number of determinants. These determinants all have an effect on the final outcome as to where and how the Government, businesses, and households use their finite resources. References Richard Coultier, Do Tax Cuts Stimulate the Economy? (June 23, 2010) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from investopedia. com/articles/07/tax_cuts. asp#axzz1kIPnIgcg The Reason Foundation, Privatization and Layoffs (March 1, 2001) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from http://reason. org/news/show/privatization-and-layoffs